Python的ImportError:cannot import name ‘Mapping‘ from ‘collections‘解决方案

2022-08-28 学习日常冬雪雪 1 条评论 2779 °C

一、起因

最近在教务系统发现可以通过更改学号部分的url获取所有学生的学籍照片，这大概是没做好鉴权操作产生的后果，想着用python爬一下，但是用了网上现成的代码出现了如下报错

源代码如下：

import os
import requests

num = 1
while num < 170:
    url = 'http://example.com/' + str(num) + '.zip'
    d = 'D:\\B\\'
    path = d + url.split('/')[-1]
    try:
        if not os.path.exists(d):
            os.mkdir(d)
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            r = requests.get(url)
            r.raise_for_status()
            with open(path, 'wb') as f:
                f.write(r.content)
                f.close()
                print("保存成功" + str(num))
        else:
            print("已存在" + str(num))
    except:
        print("获取失败" + str(num))
    num += 1


path = input(d)
fileList = os.listdir(path)
n = 0
for i in fileList:
    # 设置旧文件名（就是路径+文件名）
    oldName = path + os.sep + fileList[n]  # os.sep添加系统分隔符

    # 设置新文件名
    newName = path + os.sep + 'a' + str(n + 1) + '.JPG'

    os.rename(oldName, newName)  # 用os模块中的rename方法对文件改名
    print(oldName, '======>', newName)

    n += 1

运行后出现如下报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PycharmProjects\download_photo\photo.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 29, in <module>
    from .connection import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 39, in <module>
    from .util.ssl_ import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .connection import is_connection_dropped
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .wait import wait_for_read
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\wait.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .selectors import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\selectors.py", line 14, in <module>
    from collections import namedtuple, Mapping
ImportError: cannot import name 'Mapping' from 'collections' (C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\collections\__init__.py)

二、原因分析

在网上查找资料后发现，由于python3.10更改了collections的命名，因此在collections类中调用不到几个方法，于是需要更改对应的文件名

三、解决问题

1.修改报错对应的selectors.py文件

在pycharm中点击路径即可修改

路径为

C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\selectors.py

将第14行的from collections import namedtuple, Mapping

更改为

from collections import namedtuple
from collections.abc import Mapping

再次运行仍然报错

2.修改报错对应的_collections.py文件

报错如下

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PycharmProjects\download_photo\photo.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 29, in <module>
    from .connection import (
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 50, in <module>
    from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\_collections.py", line 2, in <module>
    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
ImportError: cannot import name 'Mapping' from 'collections' (C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\collections\__init__.py)

在pycharm中点击路径即可修改

路径为

C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\_collections.py

将第2行的from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping

更改为

from collections.abc import Mapping
from _collections_abc import MutableMapping

再次运行仍然报错

3.修改报错对应的cookies.py

报错如下

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PycharmProjects\download_photo\photo.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 97, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 32, in <module>
    from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\cookies.py", line 172, in <module>
    class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, collections.MutableMapping):
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'

将第172行的class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, collections.MutableMapping):

更改为

class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, collections.abc.MutableMapping):

再次运行仍然报错

4.修改报错对应的structers.py

报错如下

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PycharmProjects\download_photo\photo.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 97, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 33, in <module>
    from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\structures.py", line 15, in <module>
    class CaseInsensitiveDict(collections.MutableMapping):
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'

将第15行的class CaseInsensitiveDict(collections.MutableMapping):

更改为

class CaseInsensitiveDict(collections.abc.MutableMapping):

再次运行仍然报错

5.修改报错对应的sessions.py

报错如下

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PycharmProjects\download_photo\photo.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 100, in <module>
    from .api import request, get, head, post, patch, put, delete, options
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 13, in <module>
    from . import sessions
  File "C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 13, in <module>
    from collections import Mapping
ImportError: cannot import name 'Mapping' from 'collections' (C:\Users\Avicel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\collections\__init__.py)

将第13行的from collections import Mapping

更改为

from collections.abc import Mapping

再次运行终于不报错了！！！

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takumi March 27th, 2023 at 08:06 pm 回复

太感谢了！！

Python的ImportError:cannot import name ‘Mapping‘ from ‘collections‘解决方案

一、起因

二、原因分析

三、解决问题

1.修改报错对应的selectors.py文件

2.修改报错对应的_collections.py文件

3.修改报错对应的cookies.py

4.修改报错对应的structers.py

5.修改报错对应的sessions.py

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请我喝杯茶吧

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